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module8
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1992-03-24
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5KB
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173 lines
NEW SET
A
Nowhere else are the ravages of rheumatic diseases more visible
than in the hand. The metacarpophalangeal joints are classically
affected by rheumatoid arthritis. The severe deformity often seen in
victims of this disease is the result of a combination of joint
destruction and soft-tissue contraction.
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1
1. Judging from the context, the metacarpophalangeal joints:
A. are not usually a problem for arthritis victims
B. connect the neck and lower spine
C. involve the hand
D. act to contract soft tissue
E. destroy rheumatic viruses
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c
0
B
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
B
(C) We infer that metacarpophalangeal joints involve the hand.
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NEW SET
B
Fortunately, for many such patients the pain and deformity
may be relieved with artificial finger joints. A common finger
joint prosthesis is a single flexible, across-the-joint component
made from either a silicone elastomer or a combination of polypropylene
and polyester material.
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1
1. Artificial finger joints:
A. hurt as much as real ones
B. cannot be bent
C. are complex machines
D. can be made of a combination of silicone elastomer and polyester
E. can be made of silicone elastomer
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e
0
C
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
C
(E) Artificial finger joints can be made either of a silicone elastomer
OR a combination of other materials.
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NEW SET
C
The whole device may be covered with a silicone rubber sleeve.
Such artificial joints may be used to replace either the
metacarpophalangeal or first finger joints. One problem with such
implants is that they can fracture, leading to inflammation of the
joint from bits of plastic.
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1
1. The metacarpophalangeal joint:
A. must be removed surgically before an artificial one can be used
B. is the first finger joint
C. is normally covered with a silicone rubber sleeve
D. A and B
E. B and C
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a
0
2
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
2
(A) The word "replace" indicates the joint must be removed before an
artificial one can be used.
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2
2. All of the following are true of the artificial devices except:
A. They can reduce pain.
B. They can reduce finger deformity.
C. They can relieve rheumatoid arthritis.
D. They are breakable.
E. They have no significant value.
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e
0
D
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
D
(E) Artificial joints have tremendous value, since they relieve pain
and deformity.
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NEW SET
D
Constrained, across-the-joint models consisting of two metal
components or a metal and a polyethylene component also are available
for finger joint replacement. Bone erosion, loosening of the
prosthesis, and joint deformity are some of the complications
associated with these joints.
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1
1. Unlike silicone elastomer or polyester combination types of
artifical joints, those described in this passage:
A. are implanted inside the finger
B. have more than one part
C. cannot damage the surrounding bone
D. can restore mobility to the affected joint
E. none of the above
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b
0
2
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
2
(B) The artificial joints described in this passage have two or more
components.
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2
2. Across-the-joint prostheses may:
A. change the shape of the joint
B. destroy soft tissue
C. cause significant difficulty for the patient
D. be more economical
E. A and C
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e
0
E
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
E
(E) The passage cites joint deformity and other complications which
may cause difficulty for the patient.
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NEW SET
E
While arthroplasty is becoming a commonplace operation and is,
for the most part, successful, patients should realize that such surgery
is not without some risk. Joint replacement is not a cure for arthritis.
Furthermore, artifical joints are never as strong as the real thing and
must always be treated with respect.
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1
1. The author concludes that:
A. Plastic joints are preferable to metal ones.
B. Finger surgery is simple and completely safe.
C. In most cases, implantation of a prosthesis is a poor choice.
D. Arthritis will most likely never be cured.
E. Arthroplasty can help arthritis victims to some extent.
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e
0
F
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
F
(E) Arthroplasty can help patients but does involve some risk.
end