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- NEW SET
- A
- Nowhere else are the ravages of rheumatic diseases more visible
- than in the hand. The metacarpophalangeal joints are classically
- affected by rheumatoid arthritis. The severe deformity often seen in
- victims of this disease is the result of a combination of joint
- destruction and soft-tissue contraction.
- next
- 1
- 1. Judging from the context, the metacarpophalangeal joints:
-
- A. are not usually a problem for arthritis victims
- B. connect the neck and lower spine
- C. involve the hand
- D. act to contract soft tissue
- E. destroy rheumatic viruses
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- c
- 0
- B
- Correct.
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- wrong answer explanation
- B
- (C) We infer that metacarpophalangeal joints involve the hand.
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- NEW SET
- B
- Fortunately, for many such patients the pain and deformity
- may be relieved with artificial finger joints. A common finger
- joint prosthesis is a single flexible, across-the-joint component
- made from either a silicone elastomer or a combination of polypropylene
- and polyester material.
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- 1
- 1. Artificial finger joints:
-
- A. hurt as much as real ones
- B. cannot be bent
- C. are complex machines
- D. can be made of a combination of silicone elastomer and polyester
- E. can be made of silicone elastomer
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- e
- 0
- C
- Correct.
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- wrong answer explanation
- C
- (E) Artificial finger joints can be made either of a silicone elastomer
- OR a combination of other materials.
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- NEW SET
- C
- The whole device may be covered with a silicone rubber sleeve.
- Such artificial joints may be used to replace either the
- metacarpophalangeal or first finger joints. One problem with such
- implants is that they can fracture, leading to inflammation of the
- joint from bits of plastic.
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- 1
- 1. The metacarpophalangeal joint:
-
- A. must be removed surgically before an artificial one can be used
- B. is the first finger joint
- C. is normally covered with a silicone rubber sleeve
- D. A and B
- E. B and C
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- a
- 0
- 2
- Correct.
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- wrong answer explanation
- 2
- (A) The word "replace" indicates the joint must be removed before an
- artificial one can be used.
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- 2
- 2. All of the following are true of the artificial devices except:
-
- A. They can reduce pain.
- B. They can reduce finger deformity.
- C. They can relieve rheumatoid arthritis.
- D. They are breakable.
- E. They have no significant value.
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- e
- 0
- D
- Correct.
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- wrong answer explanation
- D
- (E) Artificial joints have tremendous value, since they relieve pain
- and deformity.
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- NEW SET
- D
- Constrained, across-the-joint models consisting of two metal
- components or a metal and a polyethylene component also are available
- for finger joint replacement. Bone erosion, loosening of the
- prosthesis, and joint deformity are some of the complications
- associated with these joints.
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- 1
- 1. Unlike silicone elastomer or polyester combination types of
- artifical joints, those described in this passage:
-
- A. are implanted inside the finger
- B. have more than one part
- C. cannot damage the surrounding bone
- D. can restore mobility to the affected joint
- E. none of the above
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- b
- 0
- 2
- Correct.
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- wrong answer explanation
- 2
- (B) The artificial joints described in this passage have two or more
- components.
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- 2
- 2. Across-the-joint prostheses may:
-
- A. change the shape of the joint
- B. destroy soft tissue
- C. cause significant difficulty for the patient
- D. be more economical
- E. A and C
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- e
- 0
- E
- Correct.
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- wrong answer explanation
- E
- (E) The passage cites joint deformity and other complications which
- may cause difficulty for the patient.
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- NEW SET
- E
- While arthroplasty is becoming a commonplace operation and is,
- for the most part, successful, patients should realize that such surgery
- is not without some risk. Joint replacement is not a cure for arthritis.
- Furthermore, artifical joints are never as strong as the real thing and
- must always be treated with respect.
- next
- 1
- 1. The author concludes that:
-
- A. Plastic joints are preferable to metal ones.
- B. Finger surgery is simple and completely safe.
- C. In most cases, implantation of a prosthesis is a poor choice.
- D. Arthritis will most likely never be cured.
- E. Arthroplasty can help arthritis victims to some extent.
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- e
- 0
- F
- Correct.
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- wrong answer explanation
- F
- (E) Arthroplasty can help patients but does involve some risk.
- end